Hallux valgus: A narrative review

Sait Anıl Ulus; Emin Özkul; Ramazan Atiç; Şeyhmus Yiğit; Mehmet Sait Akar; Fatih Durgut; Sait Dönmez; Cihan Yazar; Ekrem Adıyaman; Furkan Ozan Beştaş

doi:10.5281/zenodo.7824039

Authors

Sait Anıl Ulus
Emin Özkul
Ramazan Atiç
Şeyhmus Yiğit
Mehmet Sait Akar
Fatih Durgut
Sait Dönmez
Cihan Yazar
Ekrem Adıyaman
Furkan Ozan Beştaş

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7824039

Keywords:

Foot deformity, Hallux valgus, Orthopedics

Abstract

A hallux valgus is a complex deformity of the first ray of the forefoot. This deformity is, at times, red and painful and can disrupt daily activities. One aspect of the 3-dimensional deformity is the bunion or medial protrusion that comes from the hallux's lateral displacement and pronation. Huge amounts of discomfort and changed joint mechanics can result from hallux valgus. It's still unclear what causes biomechanical problems exactly. Female sex, age, restrictive footwear, and family history are risk factors. Hallux valgus frequently coexists with other foot conditions such as pes planus, metatarsus adductus, and equinus contracture. When nonoperative treatment fails, surgery is a possibility for patients in order to reduce pain, rectify the deformity, enhance first-ray stability, and improve quality of life. A variety of soft tissue balancing techniques, metatarsal osteotomies, and fusions of either the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) or tarsometatarsal (TMT) joint have been described as treatments for hallux valgus. The choice of operations is determined by the deformity's degree and location, as well as the surgeon’s preferences. Current developments in surgical methods include rotational deformity repair and minimally invasive surgery.

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